BusinessEssays.net

Explain the need to reference and name two conventional systems of referencing.

In the context of academic writing, it is often necessary to refer to the materials a person has read and then to justify and support the arguments presented by that person. Thus, it is important to cite the source of materials used.

There are many reasons on which the ideas or the statement from others should be referenced. Firstly, referencing is required to acknowledge the contribution of ideas and findings from the original source. This is necessary as a way to respect the contributors of ideas. Secondly, referencing enables easier tracking of ideas and information from other sources. This is necessary to inform the readers on where a particular statement or ideas come from. Readers would be interested to understand the original contributors of the ideas, and perform more researches on the list of references used. Thirdly, it is also an academic requirement. Without proper referencing, it is unethical and can be considered a plagiarism academically (Bell, 2005). Plagiarism is a serious offense and should be prevented at all costs, as it could means the student copying the statements or ideas from others, pretending these ideas as their owns, to cheat the universities or lecturer. Besides, proper referencing is also necessary to show evidences on the breadth and depth of research and reading.

Two types of famous and frequently used referencing method include: Harvard referencing method, and numeric referencing method.

Reference sources of information from three different types of resources.

In this section, the types of referencing, using the Harvard referencing system, for different type of sources will be performed. They are shown as follow.

References for books:

• Orem, D. E. (1991). Nursing: concepts of practice. 4^th St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book.

References for Journal articles:

• Johns, C. (1993). Professional supervision. Journal of Nursing Management. 21 (1), 9-18.

References for corporate author:

• Royal College of Nursing. (1993). Guidance on the handling of patients in the hospital and community. London: RCN.

References for Newspaper:

• Peters, R. (1992). Picking up Maxwell’s bills. Independent. 4 June, p. 28.

References for Internet:

• British Nutrition Foundation. (2003). Healthy Eating: a whole diet approach [online] London: British Nutrition Foundation. Available from: bnf.com [Accessed 10 June 2011]

Produce a reference and bibliography using the Harvard system.

The Harvard referencing system is essentially the practice of referencing published material to the original authors. It is relevant for people who are starting to write academic or other relevant types of reports or essays for academic purposes. The Harvard system is the methods in which the authors name and the date of the materials referred to are cited in the text of the academic writing. Under the Harvard referencing system, it is important to ensure the consistency of the referencing and citation style. In the following, several examples of referencing using the Harvard referencing system will be presented.

Adams, J. (2005). Analyze Your Company Using SWOTs, Supply House Times, Vol. 48 Issue 7, pp. 26-28.

Ames, M., and Runco, M. (2005). Predicting Entrepreneurship From Ideation and Divergent Thinking, Creativity & Innovation Management, Vol. 14 Issue 3, pp.311-315.

De Witt, B., and Meyer, R. (1998). Strategy: Process, Content, Context, 2nd Ed., Oxford: International Thompson Business Press.

Hill, T., and Westbrook, R. (1997). SWOT Analysis: It’s Time for a Product Recall. Long Range Planning, Vol. 30 Issue 1, pp.13-16.

Hogarth, R. and Makridakis, S. (1981). Forecasting and Planning: An Evaluation, Management Science, 27, pp.115-138.

Kay, J. (1993). Foundations of Corporate Success, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Markides, C. (1999). Six Principles of Breakthrough Strategy. Business Strategy Review, July-August, pp.30-34.

Mintzberg, H. (1987). Crafting Strategy, Harvard Business Review, November-December, pp.21-25.

Mintzberg, H. (1990). The Design School: Reconsidering the Basic Premises of Strategic Management. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 11 pp.171-195.

Pearce, J., and Robinson, R. (2005). Strategic Management, 9th Edition, New York: McGraw-Hill.

Thompson, J. (2002). Strategic Management, 4th Edition, London: Thomson.

Weihrich, H. (1982). The TOWS matrix: a tool for situational analysis, Journal of Long Range Planning, Vol. 15 Issue 2, pp.12-14.